A vasectomy is a minor outpatient procedure, and it is a form of permanent male birth control. It blocks the vas deferens, which are the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles. The appointment is typically quick, and many men go home the same day. This is what happens during each stage of the process:
Local Anesthetic
When you arrive, a nurse or provider will review your health history and answer your questions. Next, the provider cleans and prepares the scrotal area. The provider then injects a local anesthetic into the skin, and the area goes numb within minutes. You stay awake for the entire vasectomy procedure.
Some clinics offer nitrous oxide, but not every office has this option. If you have concerns about the procedure, ask whether nitrous oxide is available at your appointment. Nitrous oxide helps you relax and wears off quickly. Ask about pre-visit instructions, such as shaving the area or arranging a ride home.
Two Small Incisions
Your provider locates each vas deferens by feeling through the skin of the scrotum. After the area is numb, the provider makes a small incision on each side. Each opening typically measures under half an inch, and some providers use a tiny puncture instead. If you feel sharp pain, tell your provider right away. You may notice a few sensations during this step:
- A light pressure as the provider lifts each tube
- A tugging or pulling feeling
- A brief sting if you need extra anesthetic
Cut and Sealed Vas Deferens
The provider lifts each tube through the opening, and some providers remove a small section. This step takes only a few minutes per side. Since the tube is now divided, sperm no longer has a path out of the testicle. Most patients feel pressure rather than pain.
After the provider cuts the tube, they seal both ends to keep them apart. Some providers use heat to cauterize the ends, and others use small clips or stitches. Many providers combine more than one sealing method.
The provider repeats the same steps on the other side. The incisions may close on their own, or the provider may use dissolvable stitches. Once both sides are complete, you rest for a short time before heading home.
Temporary Soreness
As the numbness fades, you may feel a dull ache in the scrotum. Mild swelling and bruising are normal for a few days. Men typically return to desk work in two to three days, but heavy lifting needs more time. These steps may help with comfort:
- Apply ice packs for 15 to 20 minutes at a time
- Wear snug underwear or an athletic supporter
- Take over-the-counter pain relievers as directed
- Avoid strenuous exercise for about one week
A vasectomy does not work right away. Sperm remain in the tubes past the blockage, so you need backup birth control for a while. Your provider will check a semen sample, which typically happens a few months later. Call your provider if you notice fever, increasing swelling, or pus.
Book a Vasectomy Consultation
A consultation gives you time to ask questions, and your provider reviews your health history. Since providers treat a vasectomy as permanent, you will discuss your long-term family plans. Bring a list of your medications and questions to the visit. Contact a urology clinic to schedule a consultation.
